Neonatal Surgery

Neonatal Surgery refers to operative procedures performed on newborns, often for congenital anomalies. It requires specialized anesthesia, thermoregulation, and intensive care due to the infant’s small size and immature organ systems.

Common Neonatal Surgical Conditions (often elective or semi-urgent):

· Inguinal hernia (especially if incarcerated)
· Omphalocele & Gastroschisis (abdominal wall defects)
· Cleft lip and palate
· Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (projectile vomiting at ~3–6 weeks)
· Umbilical hernia
· Imperforate anus (low-type without fistula)

Emergency Neonatal Surgical Conditions (require immediate intervention):

• Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (excessive drooling, respiratory distress)
•  Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (respiratory failure, mediastinal shift)
•  Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (especially with perforation or pneumoperitoneum)
• Malrotation with midgut volvulus (bilious vomiting, bloody stools, shock)
• Intestinal atresia (duodenal/jejunal/ileal – bilious vomiting, failure to pass meconium)
• High-type imperforate anus (no meconium, abdominal distension)
• Gastroschisis (if bowel ischemic or atretic)